This project attempts a soft start control technique for the single-phase a.c. Induction motor. The circuit operation is controlled by an 8051 family microcontroller. The drive uses a PWM controlled MOSFET and the load in series with a bridge rectifier. The device attempted here takes advantage of both the low price of the phase angle control and the low harmonic content and high efficiency. Hello I have some question based on phase angle control for 3 phase controlled rectifier based on arduino. Hance I need to detect 3 zero crossing and generate 6 pulses for six SCR gate as I am making full wave rectifier for 3 phase. So arduino is fast enough for this application? I am using arduino based on at mega 8.
Abstract.This project presents the capability of Arduino for responding to the robust controller which has been applied to the 3 phase rectifier and 3 phase inverter. The interface between the converters and the Arduino has been established by using MATLAB-Simulink environment. This is the fastest interface due the Arduino library that is available in the MATLAB which can be used before downloading the program to the board. Two types of controllers have been tested which are, P-Resonant and Fuzzy-PI controller. The voltage or current feedback mechanism also has been applied between the converters with the Arduino input port in order for responding to the design controller for signal generating pattern. At the end, it shows that, the Arduino is capable to receive the signals from the converters, process the signals in the board and generating the signal out for controlling the converters.
Abstract—This project explains, the implementation of MATLAB-simulink block diagram with the Arduino in order to control the output current of the 3-phase inverter for ac motor. There is no programming code has been involved but only uses the target preference blocks that are available in the MATLAB-Arduino library. The current controller has been developed by implementing the PID control in order to determine the efficiency of the controller to control the motor. The system has been tested on the 1kW inverter output and s connected to the 3 phase induction motor with rating of 375W.
Abstract
This project is about a single phase inverter that has been developed and used for understanding the concept of inverter model for step and square output voltage using the Raspberry Pi as the microcontroller. It also includes a way of communication between the Raspberry Pi and MATLAB Simulink software and the usage of the Arduino as a analog to digital converter. The main idea is to use the low cost microcontroller in order to generate a suitable signal based on the instruction developed in the MATLAb-Simulink block that required for the inverter. The inverter has been test in two conditions, where the first test is on the switching logic control for step inverter output and the second test by using the mathematical equation block diagram of the inverter for square output voltage. Both tests have been conducted in closed loop mode voltage feedback. At the end, the results show that, selected microcontrollers can be used for generating the controlling signal and also to be as a ADC converter for responding to the inverter output.6. Investigation on Raspberry Pi Microcontroller as Digital Processing Controller in Back to Back Converter
Abstract:This paper is about, the investigation of the Raspberry Pi as a microcontroller for back-to-back converter. The Matlab-Simulink is used as the communication medium between the software and the microcontroller and at the same time, controllers have been developed based on the mathematical formulas in the MATLAB. Three types of controllers have been designed and simulated which are voltage, current and power controllers with the PID and Hysteresis control mechanism in order to see the respond to the given reference signals at the converter output. Two of controllers, which are the voltage and current controls have been tested in hardware setup that consists of single phase diode bridge, 3-phase inverter and a resistive load. Those tests have shown, the Raspberry Pi is managed to generate the gate signals for the converter which respond to the controller without any programming code written in the Matlab.
7. Development of Single Phase Back to Back Converter with Closed Loop Voltage Feedback Controlled by Arduino Microcontroller
This paper presents a developmentof single phase back to back converter using voltage closed loop feedback using Arduino microcontroller. The key feature of this system is the ability of the Arduino as a low microcontroller to control the gate signal of power switches of the inverter by referring to the target voltage when applying with the PI control. The Matlab-Simulink has been the communication medium between software and the microcontroller. This is because, the controller structures have been developed based on the control mathematical formulae before downloaded to the microcontroller in order to test the back to back converter. Based on the results obtained, the back to back converter has successfully responded to the voltage feedback control mechanism and the Arduino is operated as a suitable low cost microcontroller for gate firing signals.
This project is to test a Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) protocol to the active power filter (APF) application in nonlinear load using low cost microcontroller. Here, the RCP has been tested on the RPi where it’s easy to use in undergraduate level. The advantages of using the RCP are the controller modeled can be developed in MATLAB while at the meantime, the APF output can be observed in real time mode within simulation. This has been conducted in APF because it injects the required APF current to improve the signal of the supply current due to nonlinear load by using a Proportional Integration (PI) control. At the end, it shows that, the RPi and Matlab are a suitable candidate for RCP process that can be applied during undergraduate level.
Abstract — This paper presents an integration of a low cost microcontroller with a power converter for controlling the output voltage. Here, it will benefit the UTHM final year student in order to apply what have been taught during Power Electronics subject in Year 3. The power converter that has been developed is the zero voltage switching (ZVS) with inverter voltage control mechanism. As for the microcontroller application, the Raspberry Pi has been used. A test on open loop and closed loop conditions have been applied using Proportional Integral (PI) control for controlling the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal pattern for inverter output in hardware experiment test. The PI controller is developed and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and then downloaded to the Arduino and Raspberry Pi microcontroller boards for testing purposes. At the end of the project, the students are able to understand more especially on integrating the control mechanism to the microcontroller device using a power converter in order to achieve the control target output.
This project describes a MATLABcontrol development in order to be tested in high power inverter and DC motordrive using TI microcontroller. The reason why two tests condition have beenconducted is to test the application of inverter in to produce high power forthe inverter output while the rectifierto test on the DC motor drive. This project is also to see the effectiveness ofthe TI controller board which is the TMS320F28335. The main features of thissystem is the ability of the controller which has been build in theTMS320F28335 for controlling the output current at the inverter and also to controlthe speed for DC motor application. Therefore, the Proportional Integral (PI)controller is used in those systems in order to ensure the current and speedoutputs are same as the reference value that have been set in theMatlab/Simulink. At the end, all the results have shown a good agreement on thePI controller on the feedback response for both applications using TMS320F28335.
Thisproject describes the investigation on the Proportional Resonant (PR) controland its performance for a 7-level multilevel inverter using only 5 switches ofdevices in the single-phase inverter. The performance of the PR control ismeasured based on the ability of the controller to reduce the harmonicdistortion in the inverter output system when connected to a non-linear load. Thisproject is divided into two parts: firstly by using the MATLAB simulation, andthen testing the hardware implementation. The results of the multilevel simulationin MATLAB/Simulink show that the implementation of the PR control in theinverter system can reduce the total harmonic distortion caused by the non-linearload; meanwhile, the hardware results show that the PR controller system isapplicable and functioning well for generating a 7-step level using TImicrocontroller based on current PR control strategy system.
WAIT!! before you decide to build this, it is good to know that a similar dimmer is available at Aliexpress at cost that is hard to beat (currently 2.70 euro)
WARNING: Some people try to build this with an optocoupler with zerocrossing coz 'that is better' right? Some are even told in electronics shops it is better to use such an optocoupler. WRONG. This will only work with a random fire optocoupler: NOT igniting at zerocrossing is the principle of this dimmer.
Switching an AC load with an Arduino is rather simpel: either a mechanical relay or a solid state relay with an optically isolated Triac. (I say Arduino, but if you use an 8051 or PIC16F877A microcontroller, there is stuff for you too here.)
It becomes a bit more tricky if one wants to dim a mains AC lamp with an arduino: just limiting the current through e.g. a transistor is not really possible due to the large power the transistor then will need to dissipate, resulting in much heat and it is also not efficient from an energy use point of view.
Phase cutting
One way of doing it is through phase control with a Triac: the Triac then is fully opened, but only during a part of the sinus AC wave. This is called leading edge cutting.
One could let an Arduino just open the Triac for a number of microseconds, but that has the problem that it is unpredictable during what part of the sinus wave the triac opens and therefore the dimming level is unpredictable. One needs a reference point in the sinus wave.
For that a zero crossing detector is necessary. This is a circuit that tells the Arduino (or another micro controller) when the sinus-wave goes through zero and therefore gives a defined point on that sinus wave.
Opening the Triac after a number of microseconds delay starting from the zero crossing therefore gives a predictable level of dimming.
Pulse Skip Modulation
Another way of doing this is by Pulse Skip Modulation. With PSM, one or more full cycles (sinuswaves) are transferred to the load and then one or more cycles are not. Though effective, it is not a good way to dim lights as there is a chance for flickering. Though it might be tempting, in PSM one should always allow a full sinuswave to be passed to the load, not a half sinus as in that case the load will be fed factually from DC which is not a good thing for most AC loads. The difference between leading edge cutting and PSM is mainly in the software: in both cases one will need a circuit that detects the zero crossing and that can control a triac.
A circuit that can do this is easy to build: The zero crossing is directly derived from the rectified mains AC lines – via an optocoupler of course- and gives a signal every time the wave goes through zero. Because the sine wave first goes through double phased rectification, the zero-crossing signal is given regardless whether the sinus wave goes up through zero or down through zero. This signal then can be used to trigger an interrupt in the Arduino.
PWM dimming
PWM dimming, as in LEDs is not done frequently with AC loads for a number of reasons. It is possible though. Check this instructable to see how.
It goes without saying that there needs to be a galvanic separation between the Arduino side of things and anything connected to the mains. For those who do not understand 'galvanic separation' it means 'no metal connections' thus ---> opto-couplers. BUT, if you do not understand 'galvanic separation', maybe you should not build this.
The circuit pictured here does just that. The mains 220Volt voltage is led through two 30k resistors to a bridge rectifier that gives a double phased rectified signal to a 4N25 opto-coupler. The LED in this opto-coupler thus goes low with a frequency of 100Hz and the signal on the collector is going high with a frequency of 100Hz, in line with the sinusoid wave on the mains net. The signal of the 4N25 is fed to an interrupt pin in the Arduino (or other microprocessor). The interrupt routine feeds a signal of a specific length to one of the I/O pins. The I/O pin signal goes back to our circuit and opens the LED and a MOC3021, that triggers the Opto-Thyristor briefly. The LED in series with the MOC3021 indicates if there is any current going through the MOC3021. Mind you though that in dimming operation that light will not be very visible because it is very short lasting. Should you chose to use the triac switch for continuous use, the LED will light up clearly.
Mind you that only regular incandescent lamps are truly suitable for dimming. It will work with a halogen lamp as well, but it will shorten the life span of the halogen lamp. It will not work with any cfl lamps, unless they are specifically stated to be suited for a dimmer. The same goes for LED lamps
NOTE! It is possible that depending on the LED that is used, the steering signal just does not cut it and you may end up with a lamp that just flickers rather than being smoothly regulated. Replacing the LED with a wire bridge will cure that. The LED is not really necessary. increase the 220 ohm resistor to 470 then
STOP: This circuit is attached to a 110-220 Voltage. Do not build this if you are not confident about what you are doing. Unplug it before coming even close to the PCB. The cooling plate of the Triac is attached to the mains. Do not touch it while in operation. Put it in a proper enclosure/container.
WAIT: Let me just add a stronger warning here: This circuit is safe if it is built and implemented only by people who know what they are doing. If you have no clue or if you are doubting about what you do, chances are you are going to be DEAD!DO NOT TOUCH WHEN IT IS CONNECTED TO THE GRID
Materials
Zerocrossing
4N25 €0.25 or H11AA1 or IL250, IL251, IL252, LTV814 (see text in the next step)
Resistor 10k €0.10
bridge rectifier 400 Volt €0.30
2x 30 k resistor 1/2 Watt (resistors will probably dissipate 400mW max each €0.30
1 connector €0.20
5.1 Volt zenerdiode (optional)
Lamp driver
LED (Note: you can replace the LED with a wire bridge as the LED may sometimes cause the lamp to flicker rather than to regulate smoothly)
MOC3021 If you chose another type, make sure it has NO zero-crossing detection, I can't stress this enough DO NOT use e.g. a MOC3042
Resistor 220 Ohm €0.10 (I actually used a 330 Ohm and that worked fine)
Resistor 470 Ohm-1k (I ended up using a 560 Ohm and that worked well)
TRIAC TIC206 €1.20 or BR136 €0.50
1 connector €0.20
Other
Piece of PCB 6x3cm
electric wiring
That is about €3 in parts